3D cephalometric planes

Anterior cranial base plane / S-N-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the Sella and Nasion landmarks and that is perpendicular to the median 3D cephalometric reference plane (3D PHP z-Pl or 3D CB z-Pl).

Cranial base plane / Ba-N-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the Basion and Nasion landmarks and that is perpendicular to the median 3D cephalometric reference plane (3D PHP z-Pl or 3D CB z-Pl).

E Pl / E-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the pronasale (prn) and soft tissue pogonion (pg) landmarks and that is perpendicular to the median 3D cephalometric reference plane (3D PHP z-Pl or 3D CB z-Pl).

Facial hard tissue midplane / FHTM-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the Sella (S), Nasion (N) and Menton (Men) landmarks.

Facial soft tissue midpl / FSTM-PL

Defined by a plane that passes the Sella (S), nasion (n) and soft tissue gnathion (gn) landmarks.

Facial soft tissue plane / n-pg-PL

Defined by a plane that passes the soft tissue nasion (n) and soft tissue pogonion (pg) landmarks and that is perpendicular to the median 3D cephalometric reference plane (3D PHP z-Pl or 3D CB z-Pl).

Forehead plane / g-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the glabella (g) landmark and that is parallel to the vertical 3D cephalometric reference plane (3D PHP y-Pl or 3D CB y-Pl).

Frankfort horizontal Pl / FH-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes both orbita (Or_r and Or_l) landmarks and the mean of the two Porion (Po_r and Po_l) landmarks.

Lower facial soft tissue Pl / LFST-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the subnasale (sn) and soft tissue pogonion (pg) landmarks and that is perpendicular to the median 3D cephalometric reference plane (3D PHP z-Pl or 3D CB z-Pl).

Lower occlusal plane / Locc-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes Lower Molar Cuspr, the mean of Lower Incisorr - Lower Incisorl and Lower Molar Cuspl.

Mandibular plane / Md-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the Menton (Men) and both Gonion (Gor-Gol) landmarks.

Maxillary plane / Mx-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the Anterior Nasal Spine (ANS) and both Posterior Maxillary Point (PMPr-PMPl) landmarks.

Nasion plane / n-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the nasion (n) landmark and that is parallel to the vertical 3D cephalometric reference plane (3D PHP y-Pl or 3D CB y-Pl).

NB-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the Nasion and B-Point landmarks and that is perpendicular to the median 3D cephalometric reference plane (3D PHP z-Pl or 3D CB z-Pl).

Occlusal plane / Occl-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes (1) the mean of Upper Incisorr - Upper Incisorl and Lower Incisorr - Lower Incisorl landmarks, (2) the mean of Upper Molar Cuspr and Lower Molar Cuspr landmarks (3) the mean of Upper Molar Cuspl and Lower Molar Cuspl landmarks.

S Pl / S-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the soft tissue pogonion (pg) and columella constructed point (c’’) landmarks and that is perpendicular to the median 3D cephalometric reference plane (3D PHP z-Pl or 3D CB z-Pl).

True vertical plane / TV-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the subnasal (sn) landmark and that is parallel to the vertical 3D cephalometric reference plane (3D PHP y-Pl or 3D CB y-Pl).

Upper facial soft tissue Pl / UFST-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes the glabella (g) and subnasal (sn) landmarks and that is perpendicular to the median 3D cephalometric reference plane (3D PHP z-Pl or 3D CB z-Pl).

Upper occlusal plane / Uoccl-Pl

Defined by a plane that passes Upper Molar Cuspr, the mean of Upper Incisorr - Upper Incisorl and Upper Molar Cuspl.